Creative Commons licenses are several copyright licenses released on December 16, 2002 by Creative Commons, a U.S. non-
profit corporation founded in 2001. Many of the licenses, notably all the original licenses, grant certain "baseline rights", such as
the right to distribute the copyrighted work without changes, at no charge. Some of the newer licenses don't grant these
rights.
Creative Commons licenses are currently available in 43 different jurisdictions worldwide, with more than nineteen others
under development.
Original licenses
The original set of licenses all grant the "baseline rights". The details of each of these licenses depends on the version, and
comprises a selection of four conditions:
* Attribution (by): Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only if
they give the author or licensor the credits in the manner specified by these.
* Noncommercial or NonCommercial (nc): Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative
works based on it only for noncommercial purposes.
* No Derivative Works or NoDerivs (nd): Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of the work,
not derivative works based on it.
* ShareAlike (sa): Licensees may distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs the
original work. (See also copyleft.)
Mixing and matching these conditions produces sixteen possible combinations, of which eleven are valid Creative Commons
licenses. Of the five invalid combinations, four include both the "nd" and "sa" clauses, which are mutually exclusive; and one
includes none of the clauses. The five of the eleven valid licenses that lack the Attribution element have been phased out
because 98% of licensors requested Attribution, but are still available for viewing on the website. There are thus six regularly
used licenses:
# Attribution alone (by)
# Attribution + Noncommercial (by-nc)
# Attribution + NoDerivs (by-nd)
# Attribution + ShareAlike (by-sa)
# Attribution + Noncommercial + NoDerivs (by-nc-nd)
# Attribution + Noncommercial + ShareAlike (by-nc-sa)
Other licenses
A number of additional licenses have been introduced, which are more specialized:
# Sampling licenses, with two options:
* Sampling Plus - parts of the work can be copied and modified for any purpose other than advertising, and the entire work
can be copied for noncommercial purposes
* Noncommercial Sampling Plus - the whole work or parts of the work can be copied and modified for noncommercial
purposes
Besides licenses, Creative Commons also offers an easy way to release material into the public domain through the Public
Domain Dedication, as well as Founder's Copyright, through which the work is released into the public domain after 14 or 28
years.
The GNU Lesser General Public License is a Free Software license. Like any Free Software license, it grants to you the four
following freedoms:
1. The freedom to run the program for any purpose.
2. The freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to your needs.
3. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
4. The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
You may exercise the freedoms specified here provided that you comply with the express conditions of this license. The LGPL
is intended for software libraries, rather than executable programs. The principal conditions are:
* You must conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy distributed an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer
of warranty and keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with the Program. Any translation of the
GNU Lesser General Public License must be accompanied by the GNU Lesser General Public License.
* If you modify your copy or copies of the library or any portion of it, you may distribute the resulting library provided you do
so under the GNU Lesser General Public License. However, programs that link to the library may be licensed under terms of
your choice, so long as the library itself can be changed. Any translation of the GNU Lesser General Public License must be
accompanied by the GNU Lesser General Public License.
* If you copy or distribute the program, you must accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code or with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to furnish the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code.
Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
You are free:
* to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
* to Remix — to adapt the work
*
Under the following conditions:
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests
that they endorse you or your use of the work).
Attribute this work:
Information
What does "Attribute this work" mean?
The page you came from contained embedded licensing metadata, including how the creator wishes to be attributed for
re-use. You can use the HTML here to cite the work. Doing so will also include metadata on your page so that others can find
the original work as well.
For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link
to this web page.
* Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
* Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR
"LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS
AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE.
TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE
IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
1. "Adaptation" means a work based upon the Work, or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation,
adaptation, derivative work, arrangement of music or other alterations of a literary or artistic work, or phonogram or
performance and includes cinematographic adaptations or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or
adapted including in any form recognizably derived from the original, except that a work that constitutes a Collection will not
be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical work,
performance or phonogram, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be
considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License.
2. "Collection" means a collection of literary or artistic works, such as encyclopedias and anthologies, or performances,
phonograms or broadcasts, or other works or subject matter other than works listed in Section 1(f) below, which, by reason of
the selection and arrangement of their contents, constitute intellectual creations, in which the Work is included in its entirety in
unmodified form along with one or more other contributions, each constituting separate and independent works in
themselves, which together are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collection will not be
considered an Adaptation (as defined above) for the purposes of this License.
3. "Distribute" means to make available to the public the original and copies of the Work or Adaptation, as appropriate,
through sale or other transfer of ownership.
4. "Licensor" means the individual, individuals, entity or entities that offer(s) the Work under the terms of this License.
5. "Original Author" means, in the case of a literary or artistic work, the individual, individuals, entity or entities who created the
Work or if no individual or entity can be identified, the publisher; and in addition (i) in the case of a performance the actors,
singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret or otherwise perform literary or
artistic works or expressions of folklore; (ii) in the case of a phonogram the producer being the person or legal entity who first
fixes the sounds of a performance or other sounds; and, (iii) in the case of broadcasts, the organization that transmits the
broadcast.
6. "Work" means the literary and/or artistic work offered under the terms of this License including without limitation any
production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression including digital
form, such as a book, pamphlet and other writing; a lecture, address, sermon or other work of the same nature; a dramatic or
dramatico-musical work; a choreographic work or entertainment in dumb show; a musical composition with or without words;
a cinematographic work to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography; a work of
drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving or lithography; a photographic work to which are assimilated works
expressed by a process analogous to photography; a work of applied art; an illustration, map, plan, sketch or three-
dimensional work relative to geography, topography, architecture or science; a performance; a broadcast; a phonogram; a
compilation of data to the extent it is protected as a copyrightable work; or a work performed by a variety or circus
performer to the extent it is not otherwise considered a literary or artistic work.
7. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this
License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this
License despite a previous violation.
8. "Publicly Perform" means to perform public recitations of the Work and to communicate to the public those public
recitations, by any means or process, including by wire or wireless means or public digital performances; to make available to
the public Works in such a way that members of the public may access these Works from a place and at a place individually
chosen by them; to perform the Work to the public by any means or process and the communication to the public of the
performances of the Work, including by public digital performance; to broadcast and rebroadcast the Work by any means
including signs, sounds or images.
9. "Reproduce" means to make copies of the Work by any means including without limitation by sound or visual recordings
and the right of fixation and reproducing fixations of the Work, including storage of a protected performance or phonogram
in digital form or other electronic medium.
2. Fair Dealing Rights. Nothing in this License is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any uses free from copyright or rights arising
from limitations or exceptions that are provided for in connection with the copyright protection under copyright law or other
applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-
exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
1. to Reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collections, and to Reproduce the Work as incorporated
in the Collections;
2. to create and Reproduce Adaptations provided that any such Adaptation, including any translation in any medium, takes
reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original Work. For
example, a translation could be marked "The original work was translated from English to Spanish," or a modification could
indicate "The original work has been modified.";
3. to Distribute and Publicly Perform the Work including as incorporated in Collections; and,
4. to Distribute and Publicly Perform Adaptations.
5.
For the avoidance of doubt:
1. Non-waivable Compulsory License Schemes. In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any
statutory or compulsory licensing scheme cannot be waived, the Licensor reserves the exclusive right to collect such royalties
for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License;
2. Waivable Compulsory License Schemes. In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory
or compulsory licensing scheme can be waived, the Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any
exercise by You of the rights granted under this License; and,
3. Voluntary License Schemes. The Licensor waives the right to collect royalties, whether individually or, in the event that
the Licensor is a member of a collecting society that administers voluntary licensing schemes, via that society, from any
exercise by You of the rights granted under this License.
The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights
include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats.
Subject to Section 8(f), all rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.
4. Restrictions. The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:
1. You may Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work only under the terms of this License. You must include a copy of, or the
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for, this License with every copy of the Work You Distribute or Publicly Perform. You may not
offer or impose any terms on the Work that restrict the terms of this License or the ability of the recipient of the Work to
exercise the rights granted to that recipient under the terms of the License. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep
intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties with every copy of the Work You Distribute or
Publicly Perform. When You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work, You may not impose any effective technological measures
on the Work that restrict the ability of a recipient of the Work from You to exercise the rights granted to that recipient under
the terms of the License. This Section 4(a) applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collection, but this does not require the
Collection apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collection, upon notice
from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collection any credit as required by Section 4(b), as
requested. If You create an Adaptation, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the
Adaptation any credit as required by Section 4(b), as requested.
2. If You Distribute, or Publicly Perform the Work or any Adaptations or Collections, You must, unless a request has been made
pursuant to Section 4(a), keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You
are utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or if the Original Author and/or
Licensor designate another party or parties (e.g., a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution ("Attribution
Parties") in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; (ii)
the title of the Work if supplied; (iii) to the extent reasonably practicable, the URI, if any, that Licensor specifies to be
associated with the Work, unless such URI does not refer to the copyright notice or licensing information for the Work; and (iv) ,
consistent with Section 3(b), in the case of an Adaptation, a credit identifying the use of the Work in the Adaptation (e.g.,
"French translation of the Work by Original Author," or "Screenplay based on original Work by Original Author"). The credit
required by this Section 4 (b) may be implemented in any reasonable manner; provided, however, that in the case of a
Adaptation or Collection, at a minimum such credit will appear, if a credit for all contributing authors of the Adaptation or
Collection appears, then as part of these credits and in a manner at least as prominent as the credits for the other
contributing authors. For the avoidance of doubt, You may only use the credit required by this Section for the purpose of
attribution in the manner set out above and, by exercising Your rights under this License, You may not implicitly or explicitly
assert or imply any connection with, sponsorship or endorsement by the Original Author, Licensor and/or Attribution Parties, as
appropriate, of You or Your use of the Work, without the separate, express prior written permission of the Original Author,
Licensor and/or Attribution Parties.
3. Except as otherwise agreed in writing by the Licensor or as may be otherwise permitted by applicable law, if You
Reproduce, Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work either by itself or as part of any Adaptations or Collections, You must not
distort, mutilate, modify or take other derogatory action in relation to the Work which would be prejudicial to the Original
Author's honor or reputation. Licensor agrees that in those jurisdictions (e.g. Japan), in which any exercise of the right granted
in Section 3(b) of this License (the right to make Adaptations) would be deemed to be a distortion, mutilation, modification or
other derogatory action prejudicial to the Original Author's honor and reputation, the Licensor will waive or not assert, as
appropriate, this Section, to the fullest extent permitted by the applicable national law, to enable You to reasonably exercise
Your right under Section 3(b) of this License (right to make Adaptations) but not otherwise.
5. Representations, Warranties and Disclaimer
UNLESS OTHERWISE MUTUALLY AGREED TO BY THE PARTIES IN WRITING, LICENSOR OFFERS THE WORK AS-IS AND MAKES NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND CONCERNING THE WORK, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE,
INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF TITLE, MERCHANTIBILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,
NONINFRINGEMENT, OR THE ABSENCE OF LATENT OR OTHER DEFECTS, ACCURACY, OR THE PRESENCE OF ABSENCE OF ERRORS,
WHETHER OR NOT DISCOVERABLE. SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO SUCH
EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
6. Limitation on Liability. EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL LICENSOR BE LIABLE TO YOU ON
ANY LEGAL THEORY FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS
LICENSE OR THE USE OF THE WORK, EVEN IF LICENSOR HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
7. Termination
1. This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically upon any breach by You of the terms of this
License. Individuals or entities who have received Adaptations or Collections from You under this License, however, will not
have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entities remain in full compliance with those licenses. Sections 1, 2,
5, 6, 7, and 8 will survive any termination of this License.
2. Subject to the above terms and conditions, the license granted here is perpetual (for the duration of the applicable
copyright in the Work). Notwithstanding the above, Licensor reserves the right to release the Work under different license
terms or to stop distributing the Work at any time; provided, however that any such election will not serve to withdraw this
License (or any other license that has been, or is required to be, granted under the terms of this License), and this License will
continue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above.
8. Miscellaneous
1. Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform the Work or a Collection, the Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the
Work on the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
2. Each time You Distribute or Publicly Perform an Adaptation, Licensor offers to the recipient a license to the original Work on
the same terms and conditions as the license granted to You under this License.
3. If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, it shall not affect the validity or
enforceability of the remainder of the terms of this License, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such
provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provision valid and enforceable.
4. No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach consented to unless such waiver or consent
shall be in writing and signed by the party to be charged with such waiver or consent.
5. This License constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the Work licensed here. There are no
understandings, agreements or representations with respect to the Work not specified here. Licensor shall not be bound by
any additional provisions that may appear in any communication from You. This License may not be modified without the
mutual written agreement of the Licensor and You.
6. The rights granted under, and the subject matter referenced, in this License were drafted utilizing the terminology of the
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (as amended on September 28, 1979), the Rome
Convention of 1961, the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996, the WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty of 1996 and the
Universal Copyright Convention (as revised on July 24, 1971). These rights and subject matter take effect in the relevant
jurisdiction in which the License terms are sought to be enforced according to the corresponding provisions of the
implementation of those treaty provisions in the applicable national law. If the standard suite of rights granted under
applicable copyright law includes additional rights not granted under this License, such additional rights are deemed to be
included in the License; this License is not intended to restrict the license of any rights under applicable law.
profit corporation founded in 2001. Many of the licenses, notably all the original licenses, grant certain "baseline rights", such as
the right to distribute the copyrighted work without changes, at no charge. Some of the newer licenses don't grant these
rights.
Creative Commons licenses are currently available in 43 different jurisdictions worldwide, with more than nineteen others
under development.
Original licenses
The original set of licenses all grant the "baseline rights". The details of each of these licenses depends on the version, and
comprises a selection of four conditions:
* Attribution (by): Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform the work and make derivative works based on it only if
they give the author or licensor the credits in the manner specified by these.
* Noncommercial or NonCommercial (nc): Licensees may copy, distribute, display, and perform the work and make derivative
works based on it only for noncommercial purposes.
* No Derivative Works or NoDerivs (nd): Licensees may copy, distribute, display and perform only verbatim copies of the work,
not derivative works based on it.
* ShareAlike (sa): Licensees may distribute derivative works only under a license identical to the license that governs the
original work. (See also copyleft.)
Mixing and matching these conditions produces sixteen possible combinations, of which eleven are valid Creative Commons
licenses. Of the five invalid combinations, four include both the "nd" and "sa" clauses, which are mutually exclusive; and one
includes none of the clauses. The five of the eleven valid licenses that lack the Attribution element have been phased out
because 98% of licensors requested Attribution, but are still available for viewing on the website. There are thus six regularly
used licenses:
# Attribution alone (by)
# Attribution + Noncommercial (by-nc)
# Attribution + NoDerivs (by-nd)
# Attribution + ShareAlike (by-sa)
# Attribution + Noncommercial + NoDerivs (by-nc-nd)
# Attribution + Noncommercial + ShareAlike (by-nc-sa)
Other licenses
A number of additional licenses have been introduced, which are more specialized:
# Sampling licenses, with two options:
* Sampling Plus - parts of the work can be copied and modified for any purpose other than advertising, and the entire work
can be copied for noncommercial purposes
* Noncommercial Sampling Plus - the whole work or parts of the work can be copied and modified for noncommercial
purposes
Besides licenses, Creative Commons also offers an easy way to release material into the public domain through the Public
Domain Dedication, as well as Founder's Copyright, through which the work is released into the public domain after 14 or 28
years.
The GNU Lesser General Public License is a Free Software license. Like any Free Software license, it grants to you the four
following freedoms:
1. The freedom to run the program for any purpose.
2. The freedom to study how the program works and adapt it to your needs.
3. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
4. The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits.
You may exercise the freedoms specified here provided that you comply with the express conditions of this license. The LGPL
is intended for software libraries, rather than executable programs. The principal conditions are:
* You must conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy distributed an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer
of warranty and keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other
recipients of the Program a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License along with the Program. Any translation of the
GNU Lesser General Public License must be accompanied by the GNU Lesser General Public License.
* If you modify your copy or copies of the library or any portion of it, you may distribute the resulting library provided you do
so under the GNU Lesser General Public License. However, programs that link to the library may be licensed under terms of
your choice, so long as the library itself can be changed. Any translation of the GNU Lesser General Public License must be
accompanied by the GNU Lesser General Public License.
* If you copy or distribute the program, you must accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code or with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to furnish the complete corresponding machine-readable source
code.
Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
You are free:
* to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work
* to Remix — to adapt the work
*
Under the following conditions:
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests
that they endorse you or your use of the work).
Attribute this work:
Information
What does "Attribute this work" mean?
The page you came from contained embedded licensing metadata, including how the creator wishes to be attributed for
re-use. You can use the HTML here to cite the work. Doing so will also include metadata on your page so that others can find
the original work as well.
For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. The best way to do this is with a link
to this web page.
* Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder.
* Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author's moral rights.
License
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR
"LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS
AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE.
TO THE EXTENT THIS LICENSE MAY BE CONSIDERED TO BE A CONTRACT, THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE
IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
1. Definitions
1. "Adaptation" means a work based upon the Work, or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation,
adaptation, derivative work, arrangement of music or other alterations of a literary or artistic work, or phonogram or
performance and includes cinematographic adaptations or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or
adapted including in any form recognizably derived from the original, except that a work that constitutes a Collection will not
be considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical work,
performance or phonogram, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be
considered an Adaptation for the purpose of this License.
2. "Collection" means a collection of literary or artistic works, such as encyclopedias and anthologies, or performances,
phonograms or broadcasts, or other works or subject matter other than works listed in Section 1(f) below, which, by reason of
the selection and arrangement of their contents, constitute intellectual creations, in which the Work is included in its entirety in
unmodified form along with one or more other contributions, each constituting separate and independent works in
themselves, which together are assembled into a collective whole. A work that constitutes a Collection will not be
considered an Adaptation (as defined above) for the purposes of this License.
3. "Distribute" means to make available to the public the original and copies of the Work or Adaptation, as appropriate,
through sale or other transfer of ownership.
4. "Licensor" means the individual, individuals, entity or entities that offer(s) the Work under the terms of this License.
5. "Original Author" means, in the case of a literary or artistic work, the individual, individuals, entity or entities who created the
Work or if no individual or entity can be identified, the publisher; and in addition (i) in the case of a performance the actors,
singers, musicians, dancers, and other persons who act, sing, deliver, declaim, play in, interpret or otherwise perform literary or
artistic works or expressions of folklore; (ii) in the case of a phonogram the producer being the person or legal entity who first
fixes the sounds of a performance or other sounds; and, (iii) in the case of broadcasts, the organization that transmits the
broadcast.
6. "Work" means the literary and/or artistic work offered under the terms of this License including without limitation any
production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression including digital
form, such as a book, pamphlet and other writing; a lecture, address, sermon or other work of the same nature; a dramatic or
dramatico-musical work; a choreographic work or entertainment in dumb show; a musical composition with or without words;
a cinematographic work to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography; a work of
drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving or lithography; a photographic work to which are assimilated works
expressed by a process analogous to photography; a work of applied art; an illustration, map, plan, sketch or three-
dimensional work relative to geography, topography, architecture or science; a performance; a broadcast; a phonogram; a
compilation of data to the extent it is protected as a copyrightable work; or a work performed by a variety or circus
performer to the extent it is not otherwise considered a literary or artistic work.
7. "You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this
License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this
License despite a previous violation.
8. "Publicly Perform" means to perform public recitations of the Work and to communicate to the public those public
recitations, by any means or process, including by wire or wireless means or public digital performances; to make available to
the public Works in such a way that members of the public may access these Works from a place and at a place individually
chosen by them; to perform the Work to the public by any means or process and the communication to the public of the
performances of the Work, including by public digital performance; to broadcast and rebroadcast the Work by any means
including signs, sounds or images.
9. "Reproduce" means to make copies of the Work by any means including without limitation by sound or visual recordings
and the right of fixation and reproducing fixations of the Work, including storage of a protected performance or phonogram
in digital form or other electronic medium.
2. Fair Dealing Rights. Nothing in this License is intended to reduce, limit, or restrict any uses free from copyright or rights arising
from limitations or exceptions that are provided for in connection with the copyright protection under copyright law or other
applicable laws.
3. License Grant. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-
exclusive, perpetual (for the duration of the applicable copyright) license to exercise the rights in the Work as stated below:
1. to Reproduce the Work, to incorporate the Work into one or more Collections, and to Reproduce the Work as incorporated
in the Collections;
2. to create and Reproduce Adaptations provided that any such Adaptation, including any translation in any medium, takes
reasonable steps to clearly label, demarcate or otherwise identify that changes were made to the original Work. For
example, a translation could be marked "The original work was translated from English to Spanish," or a modification could
indicate "The original work has been modified.";
3. to Distribute and Publicly Perform the Work including as incorporated in Collections; and,
4. to Distribute and Publicly Perform Adaptations.
5.
For the avoidance of doubt:
1. Non-waivable Compulsory License Schemes. In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any
statutory or compulsory licensing scheme cannot be waived, the Licensor reserves the exclusive right to collect such royalties
for any exercise by You of the rights granted under this License;
2. Waivable Compulsory License Schemes. In those jurisdictions in which the right to collect royalties through any statutory
or compulsory licensing scheme can be waived, the Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect such royalties for any
exercise by You of the rights granted under this License; and,
3. Voluntary License Schemes. The Licensor waives the right to collect royalties, whether individually or, in the event that
the Licensor is a member of a collecting society that administers voluntary licensing schemes, via that society, from any
exercise by You of the rights granted under this License.
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