Meningitis is a common name for infections that take place in the membranes (called meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can be caused by viruses and by bacteria. One of the most serious forms of meningitis is caused by bacteria known as meningococci.
An infection with meningococcal bacteria causes a serious, potentially fatal infection called meningococcal disease. You may have heard it referred to as bacterial meningitis. This Web site will focus on meningococcal disease, including meningitis.
Meningococcal disease can affect the meninges, causing meningitis. It can also cause a very serious condition called sepsis (also known as blood poisoning).
Each year, about 3000 people in the United States become infected with the bacteria, and as many as 1 in 10 of those people die.
Vaccination can protect against 4 of the 5 common strains of meningococcal bacteria in the US. Learn more about vaccination.
Viral Meningitis
Another form of meningitis is caused by a virus. Viral meningitis is serious, but usually not life-threatening. Most patients with viral meningitis get better on their own in 7 to 10 days. However without prompt and correct medical diagnosis and treatment this can be potentially fatal, more especially in infants and young children. Get the facts about fighting meningitis
Who gets meningitis?
Even people who are usually healthy can get meningitis. However, data from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have shown that the risk of getting meningitis increases in teens and young adults. There are ways to help reduce the risk for teens and young adults. Get tips on talking to kids about meningitis.
Although meningitis is uncommon, a person can catch it by having close personal contact with a person who is sick with the disease. There are also people who can carry the bacteria in their nose and throat but never become sick. Contact with these carriers can also cause someone to become infected with meningitis. As many as 1 in 3 people may carry meningococcal bacteria without getting sick
Experts believe that some behaviours can put people at greater risk for getting meningitis. These include:
Living in close quarters, such as college dormitories
Being in crowded situations for prolonged periods of time
Sharing drinking glasses, water bottles, or eating utensils
Kissing
Smoking or being exposed to smoke
Activities that make people run-down and may weaken the immune system, such as staying out late and having irregular sleeping patterns
While there isn’t a way to be 100 % protected, you can help reduce the risk of getting meningitis by avoiding the behaviours that spread it. There is also a vaccination that can help prevent it. Ask your child’s health-care provider about how to protect your child.
Vaccination can protect against 4 of the 5 common strains of meningococcal bacteria in the US. Learn more about vaccination.
A person with meningitis needs to be seen by a health-care provider immediately. If you think that someone you know has meningitis, get that person in for emergency care right away. If doctors suspect a patient has meningitis, they will give that person strong antibiotic medicine through an intravenous (IV) tube straight into their bloodstream.
Even with treatment, meningococcal disease can kill an otherwise healthy young person in 48 hours or less. The severe swelling in the brain and spinal cord, and sepsis (also known as blood poisoning) can lead to:
Amputation of limbs, fingers, or toes
Severe scarring
Brain damage
Hearing loss
Kidney damage
Emotional and psychological problems including anxiety, depression, difficulty working, and more
The lasting effects of meningococcal disease can change a person’s life forever. That’s why it’s so important to protect people from this illness.