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| Henry Hudson |
Explorers, Pioneers, and Frontiersmen, 1565-1611
Henry Hudson, the English navigator, failed in his great quest to find an all-
water route to the East, but was rewarded for his efforts by having a number of
prominent North American geographic features named in his honour.
Henry Hudson
Little is known of Hudson’s early life, but he apparently gained enough
seafaring experience to be hired by large maritime concerns. One of these,
the Muscovy Company of England, engaged Hudson in 1607 to lead an
expedition in search of a northeast passage. The venture was blocked by ice
and strong winds; a second attempt the following year encountered the same
conditions.
In 1609, Hudson was chosen by the Dutch East India Company to lead their
effort to discover a water passage to the east. Hudson sailed from Amsterdam
with a largely Dutch crew aboard the Half Moon. Like the earlier efforts, the
venture encountered severe weather, which prompted stirrings of mutiny
among the crew. At this critical juncture, Hudson decided to violate the
orders from his sponsors.
Hudson, like many navigators of his era, had heard rumours about all-water
passages to the west — the opposite direction from that mandated in his
instructions. One popular story stemmed from a voyage taken by George
Weymouth in 1602, in which the explorer speculated about the existence of a
passage through northern North America to the Pacific Ocean. A somewhat
different account came from the explorations of John Smith of Jamestown
fame, who reported his belief in a water route farther south.
With halting support from his crew, Hudson changed course and sailed west
across the Atlantic. Investigating the southern regions first, the Half Moon crew
probed Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay, but concluded they did not lead
to the Pacific. Hudson moved north into New York Bay, an area visited earlier
by Giovanni da Verrazzano.
Hudson’s party sailed north up what would become the Hudson River, stopped
occasionally to trade with the local natives, and proceeded as far as present-
day Albany. This voyage established a Dutch claim to the region and Hudson’s
report sparked interest in Holland by detailing opportunities for agriculture and
fur trading in the valley that would bear his name.
In 1610, again in the employ of English investors, Hudson headed a venture
designed to follow up on Weymouth’s speculation. The Discovery sailed to the
far north and passed through what would become the Hudson Strait between
Labrador and Baffin Island. When the party first entered Hudson Bay, it
appeared that they had found the Pacific Ocean.
Weeks were spent to explore the area, but it became apparent that the long-
sought passage had not been found. Plunging temperatures soon formed ice,
which locked the ship in place for the winter. The crew seethed as monotony
grew and starvation loomed.
When the ice broke in June 1611, the bullheaded Hudson wanted to explore
farther to the west, but the crew mutinied. The captain, his son and seven
others were set adrift in a small boat. No food or water was provided and they
were never seen again.
A few of the crew members eventually managed to return to Europe, but
chose to go to England rather than Holland. They were never punished for their
mutiny.
Henry Hudson established New World claims for the Dutch in what would
become the New York area, and for the English in northern Canada.
Henry Hudson, the English navigator, failed in his great quest to find an all-
water route to the East, but was rewarded for his efforts by having a number of
prominent North American geographic features named in his honour.
Henry Hudson
Little is known of Hudson’s early life, but he apparently gained enough
seafaring experience to be hired by large maritime concerns. One of these,
the Muscovy Company of England, engaged Hudson in 1607 to lead an
expedition in search of a northeast passage. The venture was blocked by ice
and strong winds; a second attempt the following year encountered the same
conditions.
In 1609, Hudson was chosen by the Dutch East India Company to lead their
effort to discover a water passage to the east. Hudson sailed from Amsterdam
with a largely Dutch crew aboard the Half Moon. Like the earlier efforts, the
venture encountered severe weather, which prompted stirrings of mutiny
among the crew. At this critical juncture, Hudson decided to violate the
orders from his sponsors.
Hudson, like many navigators of his era, had heard rumours about all-water
passages to the west — the opposite direction from that mandated in his
instructions. One popular story stemmed from a voyage taken by George
Weymouth in 1602, in which the explorer speculated about the existence of a
passage through northern North America to the Pacific Ocean. A somewhat
different account came from the explorations of John Smith of Jamestown
fame, who reported his belief in a water route farther south.
With halting support from his crew, Hudson changed course and sailed west
across the Atlantic. Investigating the southern regions first, the Half Moon crew
probed Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay, but concluded they did not lead
to the Pacific. Hudson moved north into New York Bay, an area visited earlier
by Giovanni da Verrazzano.
Hudson’s party sailed north up what would become the Hudson River, stopped
occasionally to trade with the local natives, and proceeded as far as present-
day Albany. This voyage established a Dutch claim to the region and Hudson’s
report sparked interest in Holland by detailing opportunities for agriculture and
fur trading in the valley that would bear his name.
In 1610, again in the employ of English investors, Hudson headed a venture
designed to follow up on Weymouth’s speculation. The Discovery sailed to the
far north and passed through what would become the Hudson Strait between
Labrador and Baffin Island. When the party first entered Hudson Bay, it
appeared that they had found the Pacific Ocean.
Weeks were spent to explore the area, but it became apparent that the long-
sought passage had not been found. Plunging temperatures soon formed ice,
which locked the ship in place for the winter. The crew seethed as monotony
grew and starvation loomed.
When the ice broke in June 1611, the bullheaded Hudson wanted to explore
farther to the west, but the crew mutinied. The captain, his son and seven
others were set adrift in a small boat. No food or water was provided and they
were never seen again.
A few of the crew members eventually managed to return to Europe, but
chose to go to England rather than Holland. They were never punished for their
mutiny.
Henry Hudson established New World claims for the Dutch in what would
become the New York area, and for the English in northern Canada.
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Lesson Plans & Reproducibles
Henry Hudson Gr6-8
Sequencing Activity
Vocabulary Activity
Half Moon (BOAT) Activity
Voyage 1 Map 1607
Voyage 2 Map 1608
Voyage 3 Map 1609
Voyage 4 Map 1610
Hudson Portrait
Hudson Boat
Hudson Map for Elementary Gr
Sources of Images & Information, & Citations
Wikipedia
Totally Explained
Henry Hudson
Download Hudson River PPT presentation with Lesson Plan
Download PDF BIO, with Notepages & Image Gallery
Free 56 page Unit Study & Lesson Plans
Click Thumbnail
Henry Hudson Gr6-8
Sequencing Activity
Vocabulary Activity
Half Moon (BOAT) Activity
Voyage 1 Map 1607
Voyage 2 Map 1608
Voyage 3 Map 1609
Voyage 4 Map 1610
Hudson Portrait
Hudson Boat
Hudson Map for Elementary Gr
Sources of Images & Information, & Citations
Wikipedia
Totally Explained
Henry Hudson
Download Hudson River PPT presentation with Lesson Plan
Download PDF BIO, with Notepages & Image Gallery
Free 56 page Unit Study & Lesson Plans
Click Thumbnail
| If ever a compelling Fate set its grip upon a man and drove him to an accomplishment beside his purpose and outside his thought, it was when Henry Hudson—having headed his ship upon an ordered course northeastward—directly traversed his orders by fetching that compass to the southwestward which ended by bringing him into what now is Hudson's River, and which led on quickly to the founding of what now is New York. This Illustrated 94 page eBook contains information relating to "newly" discovered documents, maps and images, and documents his historic voyages of discovery. Preview & Download here |