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Poster of the Haiti Earthquake of 12 January 2010 - Magnitude 7.0 JPG
Poster of the Haiti Earthquake of 12 January 2010 - Magnitude 7.0 PDF

Wikipedia
Totally Explained

USGS

Haiti
Since 1915

For Parents/Educators you are very welcome to download any or all of our
Printable and Thematic Units and/or Lesson Plans for use in your homes,
homeschool, classroom or community centres. ►►H aiti Home Page.

The United States occupied the island from 1915 to 1934. This occupation
was initially resisted by a peasant revolt termed the "cacos" insurrection
which was led by Charlemagne Péralte. Accusations of "indiscriminate"
killing by US Marines were formally investigated by US Brigadier General
George Barnett who concluded that 3250 "natives" were killed. A later
investigation noted that 98 Marines perished in the conflict as well. The
Haitian administration dismantled the constitutional system, built roads, and
established the National Guards that ran the country after the Marines left.

Scholars agree that Haiti was in much better shape after the occupation
than before, but some accuse the US of establishing a "shaky" foundation
that left the country with a doomed financial structure. This was due to a
1922 $40 million loan owed to the US as well as the country's national
treasury and to the Banque Nationale owned by a New York bank. The result
was a financial system that syphoned the country's wealth to offshore
creditors instead of reinvesting it in the country's economy.

The US occupation forces established a boundary between Haiti and the
Dominican Republic by taking disputed land from the latter. When the US
left in 1937, Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo – in an event known as the
Parsley Massacre – ordered his Army to kill Haitians living on the Dominican
side of the border. In a "three-day genocidal spree", he murdered between
10,000 and 20,000 Haitians. He then developed a uniquely Dominican policy
of racial discrimination, Antihaitianismo ("anti-Haitianism"), targeting the
mostly-black inhabitants of his neighbouring country.

1957–1986
From 1957 to 1986, the Duvalier family reigned as dictators, with a
personality cult and major corruption. Dr. François Duvalier, known as "Papa
Doc", was the President of Haiti from 1957 until his death in 1971; he was
succeeded by his son, Jean-Claude Duvalier, also known as "Baby Doc", who
ruled from 1971 until his ouster in 1986. The Duvalier regimes created the
private army and terrorist death squads known as Tonton Macoutes. Many
Haitians fled to exile in the United States and Canada, especially French-
speaking Québec. In the 1970s the United States funded major efforts to
establish assembly plants in Haiti for U.S. Manufacturers. In the mid 1980s the
U.S. continued military and economic aid to the regime.

In the 1960s and 1970s Haiti's diaspora made vital contributions to the
establishment of francophone Africa's newly independent countries as
university professors, medical doctors, administrators and development
specialists emigrated to these countries[citation needed]. The Africa
Regional Office of the United Nations Food and Agriculture organisation
(FAO), based in Ghana, was headed during most of the 1960s by a prominent
Haitian agronomist, Garvey Laurent (born in Jeremie, Haiti, 1923). During the
1970s Laurent negotiated the establishment of most of the FAO's Country
Representative Offices throughout Africa.

In 1986, protests against "Baby Doc" led the U.S. to arrange for Jean-Claude
Duvalier and his family to be exiled to France. Army leader General Henri
Namphy headed a new National Governing Council.

In March 1987, a new Constitution was overwhelmingly approved by Haiti's
population. General elections in November were aborted hours after
dozens of inhabitants were shot in the capital by soldiers and the Tonton
Macoute, and scores more were massacred around the country.

1990s
In December 1990, the former priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected
President in the Haitian general election, winning by more than two thirds of
the vote. His 5 year mandate began on 7 February 1991. In August 1991,
Jean-Bertrand Aristide's government faced a non-confidence vote within
the Haitian Chamber of Deputies and Senate. Eighty three voted against
him, while only eleven members voted in support of Aristide's government.
Following a coup d' état in September 1991, President Aristide was flown into
exile. In accordance with Article 149 of Haiti's Constitution of 1987, Supreme
Court Justice Joseph Nerette was named Provisional President and
elections were called for December 1991 – elections which were blocked
by the international community – and the resulting chaos extended into
1994.

In 1994, Haitian General Raoul Cédras asked former U.S. President Jimmy
Carter to help avoid a U.S. military invasion of Haiti. President Carter
relayed this information to President Clinton, who asked Carter, in his role as
founder of The Carter Centre, to undertake a mission to Haiti with Senator
Sam Nunn, D-GA, and former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Colin Powell. The
team successfully negotiated the departure of Haiti's military leaders and
the peaceful entry of U.S. forces under Operation Uphold Democracy,
thereby paving the way for the restoration of Jean-Bertrand Aristide as
president. In October 1994, Aristide returned to Haiti to complete his term in
office. Aristide disbanded the Haitian army, and established a civilian police
force. Aristide vacated the presidency in February 1996, which had been
the scheduled end of his 5 year term based on the date of his inauguration.

In 1996, René Préval was elected as president for a five-year term, winning
88% of the popular vote. Préval had previously served as Aristide's Prime
Minister from February to October 1991.

2000s
Aristide was re-elected in 2000. His second term was marked by accusations
of corruption. In 2004 a paramilitary coup ousted Aristide a second time.
Aristide was removed by U.S. Marines from his home in what he described as
a "kidnapping", and was then briefly held by the government of the Central
African Republic (to which the U.S. had decided to fly him). Aristide
obtained his release and went into exile in South Africa.

Boniface Alexandre assumed interim authority. In February 2006, following
elections marked by uncertainties and popular demonstrations, René Préval
(close to the still-popular Aristide and former president of the Republic of
Haiti between 1995 and 2000) was elected president.

The United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti (also known as MINUSTAH)
has been in the country since the 2004 Haiti Rebellion.

History (new page)
Haitian E arthquake 2010 (new page)
Since 1915

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