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| Richard Nixon |
When Nixon took office, 300 American soldiers were dying per week in the
Vietnam War. The Johnson administration had negotiated a deal in which the U.S.
would suspend the bombing of North Vietnam in exchange for unconditional
negotiations, but this faltered. Nixon faced the choice of devising a new policy to
chance securing South Vietnam as a non-communist state, or withdrawing
American forces completely.
Nixon approved a secret bombing campaign of North Vietnamese positions in
Cambodia in March 1969 (code-named Operation Menu) to destroy what was
believed to be the headquarters of the National Front for the Liberation of
Vietnam. The Air Force considered the bombings a success.
In July 1969, the Nixon’s visited South Vietnam, where Nixon met with his U.S.
military commanders and President Nguyen Van Thieu. Amidst protests at home,
he implemented the Nixon Doctrine, a strategy of replacing American troops with
Vietnamese troops, also called "Vietnamization." In a televised speech on April
30, 1970, Nixon announced the incursion of U.S. troops into Cambodia to disrupt
so-called North Vietnamese sanctuaries. This led to protest and student strikes
that temporarily closed 536 universities, colleges, and high schools.
Nixon formed the Gates Commission to look into ending the military service
draft, implemented under President Johnson. The Gates Commission issued its
report in February 1970, describing how adequate military strength could be
maintained without having conscription. The draft was extended to June 1973,
and then ended. Military pay was increased as an incentive to attract volunteers,
and television advertising for the United States Army began.
In December 1972, though concerned about the level of civilian casualties,
Nixon approved Linebacker II, the codename for aerial bombings of military and
industrial targets in North Vietnam. After much fighting, a peace treaty was
signed in 1973. Under Nixon, American involvement in the war steadily declined
from a troop strength of 543,000 to zero in 1973.
Nixon endorsed the Equal Rights Amendment after it passed both houses of
Congress in 1972 and went to the states for ratification as a Constitutional
amendment. That same year Nixon signed the landmark laws Title IX, prohibiting
gender discrimination in all federally-funded schools and the Equal Employment
Opportunity Act. In 1970 Nixon had vetoed the Comprehensive Child
Development Act, denouncing the universal child-care bill, but signed into law
Title X, which was a step forward for family planning and contraceptives.
Nixon had campaigned as an ERA supporter in 1968, but feminists criticised him
for doing little to help the ERA or their cause after his election, which led to a
much stronger women's rights agenda. In addition to supporting the ERA and
signing into law landmark feminist laws such as Title IX, Nixon, facing opposition
from many men in his administration, increased the number of female appointees
to administration positions.
U.S. Space program
In 1969, Nixon's first year in office, the United States sent three men up to the
moon, becoming the first nation in the world to do so. On July 20, Nixon addressed
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, two of the astronauts, live via radio during their
historic Apollo 11 moonwalk. Nixon also placed a telephone call to Armstrong on
the moon, the longest distance phone call ever, and called it "the most historic
phone call ever made from the White House."
Following his resignation, Nixon and his wife returned to their home La Casa
Pacifica in San Clemente, California. Nixon was said to be in seclusion for a
number of days in his home, first experiencing shock and later persistent sadness.
On September 8, 1974, Ford granted him a "full, free, and absolute pardon". This
ended any possibility of an indictment. Nixon then released a statement:
Resignation speech of President Richard Nixon, delivered 8 August 1974. Sound
File
Vietnam War. The Johnson administration had negotiated a deal in which the U.S.
would suspend the bombing of North Vietnam in exchange for unconditional
negotiations, but this faltered. Nixon faced the choice of devising a new policy to
chance securing South Vietnam as a non-communist state, or withdrawing
American forces completely.
Nixon approved a secret bombing campaign of North Vietnamese positions in
Cambodia in March 1969 (code-named Operation Menu) to destroy what was
believed to be the headquarters of the National Front for the Liberation of
Vietnam. The Air Force considered the bombings a success.
In July 1969, the Nixon’s visited South Vietnam, where Nixon met with his U.S.
military commanders and President Nguyen Van Thieu. Amidst protests at home,
he implemented the Nixon Doctrine, a strategy of replacing American troops with
Vietnamese troops, also called "Vietnamization." In a televised speech on April
30, 1970, Nixon announced the incursion of U.S. troops into Cambodia to disrupt
so-called North Vietnamese sanctuaries. This led to protest and student strikes
that temporarily closed 536 universities, colleges, and high schools.
Nixon formed the Gates Commission to look into ending the military service
draft, implemented under President Johnson. The Gates Commission issued its
report in February 1970, describing how adequate military strength could be
maintained without having conscription. The draft was extended to June 1973,
and then ended. Military pay was increased as an incentive to attract volunteers,
and television advertising for the United States Army began.
In December 1972, though concerned about the level of civilian casualties,
Nixon approved Linebacker II, the codename for aerial bombings of military and
industrial targets in North Vietnam. After much fighting, a peace treaty was
signed in 1973. Under Nixon, American involvement in the war steadily declined
from a troop strength of 543,000 to zero in 1973.
Nixon endorsed the Equal Rights Amendment after it passed both houses of
Congress in 1972 and went to the states for ratification as a Constitutional
amendment. That same year Nixon signed the landmark laws Title IX, prohibiting
gender discrimination in all federally-funded schools and the Equal Employment
Opportunity Act. In 1970 Nixon had vetoed the Comprehensive Child
Development Act, denouncing the universal child-care bill, but signed into law
Title X, which was a step forward for family planning and contraceptives.
Nixon had campaigned as an ERA supporter in 1968, but feminists criticised him
for doing little to help the ERA or their cause after his election, which led to a
much stronger women's rights agenda. In addition to supporting the ERA and
signing into law landmark feminist laws such as Title IX, Nixon, facing opposition
from many men in his administration, increased the number of female appointees
to administration positions.
U.S. Space program
In 1969, Nixon's first year in office, the United States sent three men up to the
moon, becoming the first nation in the world to do so. On July 20, Nixon addressed
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, two of the astronauts, live via radio during their
historic Apollo 11 moonwalk. Nixon also placed a telephone call to Armstrong on
the moon, the longest distance phone call ever, and called it "the most historic
phone call ever made from the White House."
Following his resignation, Nixon and his wife returned to their home La Casa
Pacifica in San Clemente, California. Nixon was said to be in seclusion for a
number of days in his home, first experiencing shock and later persistent sadness.
On September 8, 1974, Ford granted him a "full, free, and absolute pardon". This
ended any possibility of an indictment. Nixon then released a statement:
Resignation speech of President Richard Nixon, delivered 8 August 1974. Sound
File
| January February March April May June July August September October November December 2009 Educator's Calendar 2008 Educator's Calendar 2007 Educator's Calendar |
Sources on Images & Information, & Citations
Wikipedia
Totally Explained
Download the BIO in PDF ~ Notepages & Image Gallery Included
Wikipedia
Totally Explained
Download the BIO in PDF ~ Notepages & Image Gallery Included