
Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to
as LBJ, served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969
after his service as the Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.
Johnson, a Democrat, succeeded to the presidency following the
assassination of President John F. Kennedy, completed Kennedy's term and was
elected President in his own right, winning by a large margin in the 1964
Presidential election. Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party
and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation
that included laws that upheld civil rights, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to
education, and his attempt to help the poor in his "War on Poverty."
Simultaneously, he greatly escalated direct American involvement in the
Vietnam War.
Johnson served as a United States Representative from Texas, from 1937–
1949 and as United States Senator (as his grandfather foretold when LBJ was
just an infant) from 1949–1961, including six years as United States Senate
Majority Leader, two as Senate Minority Leader and two as Senate Majority
Whip. After campaigning unsuccessfully for the Democratic nomination in
1960, Johnson was selected by John F. Kennedy to be his running-mate for the
1960 presidential election. Johnson's popularity as President steadily declined
after the 1966 Congressional elections, and his re-election bid in the 1968
United States presidential election collapsed as a result of turmoil within the
Democratic party related to opposition to the Vietnam War. He withdrew
from the race to concentrate on peacemaking.
Johnson was renowned for his domineering personality and the "Johnson
treatment," his arm twisting of powerful politicians. He was a legendary "hands-
on" manager and the very last President to serve out his term without ever
hiring a White House Chief of Staff or "gatekeeper" (a position invented by
Kennedy's predecessor, Dwight Eisenhower).
Johnson died after suffering his third heart attack, on January 22, 1973. He was
64 years old.